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JANUARY
1918
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POLITICAL
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WESTERN
EUROPE
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EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
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ASIA
& AFRICA
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NAVAL
& MARITIME
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TUESDAY
1st JANUARY
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DIPLOMACY
3rd
- Ukraine delegation reaches Brest-Litovsk
(see November 21st, 1917, and February
1st, 1918).
4th - British Government in message
to the King of the Hejaz declare
intentions with regard to future status of
Palestine (see December 17th, 1917, and
February 4th, 1918).
4th
- Russian Bolshevik Government and French
and Swedish Governments recognise
the independence of Finland (see 10th, and
December 6th, 1917).
5th - Negotiations again suspended
on Russian front. Bolshevik demand made
for meetings to be held at Stockholm (see
8th, and December 6th, 13th and 22nd,
1917).
BRITAIN
2nd - Air Ministry
formed in Great Britain.
3rd
- The Air Council takes over functions of
Air Board (see May 17th, 1916, and
November 29th and December 21st, 1917).
5th - British Premier (Mr. Lloyd
George) in speech to Trade Union delegates
outlines British War Aims (see 24th, and
December 28th, 1917).
BELGIUM
1st - M. Hyams
succeeds Baron de Broqueville
as Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs
(see August 4th, 1917).
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WESTERN
FRONT
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ARABIA
1st - Arab forces begin Actions for
Et Tafile,
(see 28th).
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MERCHANT
SHIPPING
4th
- Allied request for handing over of Dutch
ships in Allied parts formulated (see
March 7th).
U-BOAT
WARFARE
4th
- British hospital ship "Rewa"
(below - Pat Gariepy) sunk
by submarine in Bristol Channel.
NORTH RUSSIA (plan - below)
(link
to Admiralty despatch on operations
in 1918)
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MONDAY
7th JANUARY
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DIPLOMACY
8th - Russian Bolshevik Government
withdraw demand for transfer to Stockholm
and resume negotiations at Brest-Litovsk
(see 5th and 22nd).
10th
- British Government assure Russian
Bolshevik Government of their support in
the creation of an independent Poland (see
April 5th, 1917, and February 20th, 1918).
10th - Danish and Norwegian
Governments recognise
the independence of Finland (see 4th).
12th - Latvia declares independence
(see November 11th).
13th - Estonian Government issue
declaration of independence (see November
28th, 1917, and February 25th and November
11th, 1918).
UNITED STATES
8th - President Wilson delivers
Message to Congress laying down the
"Fourteen Points" (see February 11th).
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WESTERN
FRONT
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PERSIA
8th - Qasr-i-Shirin
(Western Persia) occupied by British
forces (see July 8th, 1917).
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MONDAY
14th JANUARY
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RUSSIA
18th
- Russian Constituent Assembly again meet
in Petrograd (see 19th, and December 18th,
1917).
19th
- Russian Constituent Assembly again
forcibly dissolved by Bolsheviki
(see 18th, and December 13th, 1917).
PERSIA
19th
- Mustaufi ul
Mamalek
succeeds Ain
ed Douleh
as Persian Prime Minister (see November
24th, 1917, and May 3rd, 1918). Mushaver
ul Mamalek
succeeds Ala es
Sultaneh as
Persian Foreign Minister (see June 6th,
1917, and August 10th, 1918).
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WESTERN
FRONT
S.M.S. "Breslau" (Maritime Quest)
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H.M.S. "Raglan" (Photo
Ships)
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Operations in the Aegean
(Corbett, Vol 3, Map Case No.5)
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BRITISH COASTAL RAID
14th - German destroyers bombard
Yarmouth (Norfolk).
AEGEAN (plan - left)
20th
- Naval action outside the Dardanelles.
German cruiser "Breslau" (far left)
and British monitor "Raglan" (far left)
sunk. "Goeben"
strikes mine and is beached (see 27th).
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MONDAY
21st JANUARY
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DIPLOMACY
22nd
- Russian Bolshevik Government accuse
Central Powers of falsification of reports
of proceedings (see 8th and 23rd).
23rd
- Negotiations between Russian Bolshevik
Government and Central Powers once more
suspended (see 8th, 22nd and 30th).
24th
- Count Hertling
and Count Czernin
(German Imperial Chancellor and Austrian
Foreign Minister) make public replies to
statements of President Wilson and Mr.
Lloyd George on War Aims (see 5th and
8th).
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WESTERN
FRONT
24th
- Lieut.-General
The Hon. Sir H. A. Lawrence appointed
Chief of the General Staff, British
Expeditionary Force, France (Did not take
up appointment till the 27th.) (see
27th).
27th
- Lieut.-General
Sir L. E. Kiggell,
Chief of the General Staff, British
Expeditionary Force, France, resigns (see
24th, and December 22nd, 1915).
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PERSIA
27th
- General Dunsterville's
Mission leaves Baghdad for North-West
Persia (see February 17th).
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AEGEAN
27th - The "Goeben"
refloated inside the Dardanelles (see
20th).
DEAD SEA, PALESTINE
27th
- Turkish Dead Sea Flotilla seized by Arab
camelry at El
Mezraa'.
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MONDAY
28th JANUARY
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DIPLOMACY
28th
- Russian Bolshevik Government sever
diplomatic relations with Rumania.
30th
- Negotiations between Russian Bolshevik
Government and Central Powers again
resumed (see 23rd, and February 10th).
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ARABIA
28th
- Actions for Et Tafile
by the Arab forces end (see 1st).
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MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 151 ships of 307,299 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
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FEBRUARY
1918.
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POLITICAL
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WESTERN
EUROPE
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EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
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ASIA
& AFRICA
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NAVAL
& MARITIME
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FRIDAY
1st FEBRUARY
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DIPLOMACY
1st
- Central Powers recognise
the Ukraine Republic (see 9th, and
November 20th, 1917).
3rd
- British Government announce enlargement
of powers of Supreme War Council at
Versailles (see November 7th, 1917, and
December 1st, 1917).
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WESTERN
FRONT
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PERSIA
1st
- Extension of the British East Persia
Cordon (see July 29th, 1915) into Khorasan
begins. (In relief of Russian forces
withdrawn by Bolshevik Government.)
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MONDAY
4th FEBRUARY
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DIPLOMACY
4th - British Government make
declaration to King of the Hejaz
reaffirming their pledges as to freeing
the Arab peoples (see October 24th, 1915,
December 15th, 1916, December 17th, 1917,
and January 4th, 1918).
6th - German Government send
ultimatum to Rumania demanding peace
negotiations within four days (see 25th).
9th
- Peace signed at Brest-Litovsk between
Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey and
the Ukraine Rada;
also supplementary Treaty between Central
Powers and The Ukraine; borders of new
Ukrainian State defined (see 1st, and
January 3rd).
10th - M. Trotski
announces that state of war between Russia
and Central Powers, Bulgaria and Turkey is
ended, but that Russia will not sign
formal peace treaty (see 18th, and January
30th).
RUMANIA
6th - M. Bratianu,
Bumanian
Premier, resigns (appointed January 14th,
1914) (see 9th).
9th
- New Rumanian Cabinet formed, with
General Averescu
as Premier and Foreign Minister (see 6th,
and March 12th).
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WESTERN
FRONT
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RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR
4th - General Alexeiev
with Don Cossacks moves towards Moscow
against the Bolshevik forces (see 13th).
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U-BOAT WARFARE
5th - British
S.S. "Tuscania,"
(below - Photo Ships) carrying
United States troops, sunk by submarine
off Irish coast. The only loss
sustained by U.S. transports when under
British naval escort.
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MONDAY
11th FEBRUARY
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UNITED
STATES
11th
- President Wilson delivers Message to
Congress laying down four additional
Points (see January 8th and October 6th).
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WESTERN
FRONT
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RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR
13th - General Alexeiev
defeated by the Bolsheviki
(see 4th); General Kaledin
commits suicide.
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PERSIA
17th - General Dunsterville's
Mission reaches Enzeli
(North-West Persia) (see May 21st, 1915,
January 27th and April 1st, 1918).
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MERCHANT SHIPPING
15th - Representatives of Allied
Governments arrange establishment of the
"Allied Maritime Transport Council" (see
December 3rd, 1917, and March 11th, 1918).
BRITISH COASTAL RAID
16th - Dover shelled by German
submarine.
STRAITS OF DOVER
15th - Third German destroyer raid
in Straits of Dover (night 15th/16th). (see
April 20th, 1917).
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MONDAY
18th FEBRUARY
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DIPLOMACY
19th
- Russian Bolshevik Government notify
willingness to sign Peace Treaty with
Germany (see 18th and 28th).
20th
- British Foreign Minister (Mr. Balfour)
informs Polish National Committee that
Great Britain does not accept the treaty
between The Ukraine, and Central Powers
(see 9th, January 10th, and June 3rd).
BRITAIN
18th
- General Sir W. Robertson, Chief of the
British Imperial General Staff, resigns
(see 19th, and December 23rd, l915).
19th - General Sir H. H.
Wilson appointed Chief of the British
Imperial General Staff (see 18th).
21st - Ministry of
Information formed in Great Britain.
23rd - Inter-Allied Labour
and Socialist Conference in London pass
resolution as to War Aims.
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WESTERN
FRONT
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EASTERN
FRONT
18th
- Armistice terminates on Russian front.
18th
- Hostilities resumed by German armies
(see 10th and 19th). Dvinsk
taken by German forces.
24th
- Dorpat,
Estonia occupied by German forces (see
December 26th).
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CAUCASUS
FRONT
24th
- Trebizond retaken by Turkish forces (see
April 17th, 1916).
PALESTINE
FRONT
21st
- Jericho taken by British forces
(19th/21st).
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CRUISER
WARFARE
24th
- German raider "Wolff " returns to
Germany (see December 1st, 1916).
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MONDAY
25th FEBRUARY
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DIPLOMACY
25th - Peace negotiations begun at Bukharest
(see 6th, and March 5th).
25th - Military Convention signed at
Bobruisk between Germany and Poland.
25th - British Government inform M.
Tonisson that
they are prepared provisionally to recognise
the independence of Estonia until the
future status of Estonia is settled by the
Peace Congress (see January 13th and
November 11th).
28th - Negotiations again resumed
between Russian Bolshevik Government and
Central Powers: hostilities nominally
cease (see 18th, 19th, and March 3rd).
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WESTERN
FRONT
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EASTERN FRONT
25th - Pernau,
Reval, and
Pskov taken by German forces (see 18th).
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PERSIA
25th - Kirmanshah,
Western Persia occupied by British forces
(see March 11th, 1917).
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U-BOAT WARFARE
26th - British hospital ship "Glenart
Castle" sunk by submarine in the Bristol
Channel (see March 1st, 1917).
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 142 ships of 321,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
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MARCH
1918.
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POLITICAL
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WESTERN
EUROPE
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EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
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ASIA
& AFRICA
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NAVAL
& MARITIME
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FRIDAY
1st MARCH
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DIPLOMACY
1st
- Treaty of Peace and Amity signed between
the Finnish Social Republic of Workmen and
the Russian Federal Soviet Republic.
3rd - Peace signed between Bolshevik
Russia and Central Powers, Bulgaria and
Turkey at Brest-Litovsk, together with
supplementary treaties by the signatories
(see 14th and 18th, February 28th and
August 27th).
3rd - German Government notify
Swedish Government of occupation of the
Aaland Islands (see 2nd).
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WESTERN
FRONT
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EASTERN FRONT
2nd - Kiev captured by German forces
(see December 20th).
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PERSIA
3rd – Meshed occupied by troops of
British East Persia Cordon. (Approximate
date.)
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BALTIC SEA
2nd - German force landed in the
Aaland Islands at request of Finnish
Government (see 3rd).
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MONDAY
4th MARCH
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DIPLOMACY
5th - Preliminary treaty of peace
between Rumania and the Central Powers,
Bulgaria and Turkey signed at Buftea
(see December 9th, 1917, and February 25th
and May 7th, 1918).
7th - Peace signed at Berlin between
Germany and Finland.
9th
- Treaty of Peace signed between Rumania
and Bolshevik Russia (see 5th).
RUSSIA
8th - M. Chicherin
appointed Russian Foreign Minister and M.
Trotski
appointed Minister for War (see November
8th, 1917).
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WESTERN FRONT
AVIATION
7th - First German aeroplane
raid on England undertaken on moonless
night (see July 20th).
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EASTERN FRONT
4th - Narva,
Estonia occupied by German forces (see
November 28th).
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MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT (plan - below)
9th
- Hit, on the Euphrates occupied by
British forces.
Lower Mesopotamia (Corbett, Vol 3, Map Case
No.1)
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MERCHANT SHIPPING
7th - Final Allied Note presented to
Netherlands Government re
surrender of Dutch ships in Allied
ports (see 18th, and January 4th).
U-BOAT WARFARE
10th
- British hospital ship "Guildford Castle"
attacked by German submarine in Bristol
Channel, but reaches port.
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MONDAY
11th MARCH
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DIPLOMACY
14th - Congress
of Soviets meet at Moscow to ratify treaty
of peace with Central Powers (see 3rd).
15th - German Government proclaim
protectorate over an independent Kurland.
RUMANIA
12th - General Averescu,
Rumanian Premier and Foreign Minister,
resigns (see 21st, and February 9th).
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WESTERN
FRONT
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EASTERN FRONT
13th - Odessa occupied by German
forces (see December 11th).
17th
- Nicolaiev
captured by German forces (see April 8th).
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CAUCASUS FRONT
12th - Erzerum
retaken by Turkish forces (see February
16th, 1916).
PERSIA
16th
- Hamadan, West Persia evacuated by the
Russian regular forces (see March 2nd,
1917).
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MERCHANT SHIPPING
11th - First meeting of the Allied
Maritime Transport Council (see February
15th).
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MONDAY
18th MARCH
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DIPLOMACY
18th
- Entente Governments issue Note refusing
to recognise
Russo-German peace treaty (see 3rd and
14th).
RUMANIA
21st - M. Marghiloman
appointed Rumanian Premier (see 12th, and
November 8th). M. Constantino
Arian appointed Rumanian Foreign Minister
(see 12th, and November 8th).
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WESTERN FRONT
21st - First Battles of the
Somme, 1918, begin with Battle of
St. Quentin (21st/23rd) (see November
18th, 1916, and April 5th, 1918).
23rd - Paris first shelled by
long-range gun (from Crepy-en-Valois,
75 miles distant) (see August 15th).
24th
- First Battle of Bapaume
(24th/25th): Bapaume
and Peronne
taken by German forces (see March. 17th
and 18th; 1917, and August 20th and
September 1st, 1918).
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PALESTINE FRONT
21st - Passage of the Jordan by
British forces (21st/23rd).
24th - First action of
Es Salt, Palestine (24th/25th).
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CONTRABAND CONTROL
20th - Allied Blockade Committee
formed.
MERCHANT SHIPPING
18th - Dutch Government accept with
reservations the Allied terms for use of
Dutch shipping in United States and
Entente ports (see 7th and 21st).
21st - Dutch ships in British ports
requisitioned by British Government, and
Dutch ships in United States ports
requisitioned by United States Government
(see 18th).
NORTH SEA
21st - Destroyer action in North Sea
between Allied and German flotillas (see
October 17th, 1914).
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MONDAY
25th MARCH
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DIPLOMACY
26th
- "Doullens
Agreement" concluded. Decision taken to
appoint General Foch to co-ordinate
efforts of British and French Armies (see
April 14th).
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WESTERN
FRONT
First Battles of
the Somme, 1918, continue.
25th
- Noyon taken
by German forces (see March 18th, 1917,
and August 29th, 1918).
26th - Albert, Chaulnes,
and Roye
taken by German forces (see March 17th,
1917, and August 22nd and 27th, 1918).
27th
- Battle of Rosieres
(Somme) (26th/27th).
27th
- Montdidier
taken by German forces (see August 10th).
28th - First Battle of Arras,
1918 (see August 26th).
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EASTERN FRONT
29th – Poltava captured by German
forces.
AVIATION
25th - German airship
raid on Naples from the Dalmatian coast.
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PALESTINE
FRONT
27th
- First British attack on Amman, Palestine
(27th/30th).
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
26th
-Action of Khan Baghdadi (26th/27th).
28th - Ana occupied by British
forces.
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MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 186 ships of 366,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
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APRIL
1918
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POLITICAL
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WESTERN
EUROPE
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EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
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ASIA
& AFRICA
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NAVAL
& MARITIME
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MONDAY
1st APRIL
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BRITAIN
1st
- Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air
Services of Great Britain amalgamated and
established a separate service as the
Royal Air Force.
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WESTERN FRONT
First Battle of
Arras, 1918 continues.GGG
4th - Battle of the Avre
(France).
5th - Battle of the Ancre,
1918, brings to an end the First
Battles of the Somme, 1918 (see
March 21st).
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EASTERN FRONT
3rd – Ekaterinoslav
(South Russia) taken by German
forces.
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CAUCASUS
FRONT
4th
- Sarikamish,
Russian Caucasus occupied by Turkish
forces (see January 2nd, 1915).
5th – Van, Armenia retaken by
Turkish forces (see May 19th, 1915).
PERSIA
1st
- Enzeli
evacuated by the Russian regular forces
(see February 17th).
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BALTIC SEA
1st
- German Expeditionary Force for Finland
leaves Danzig (see 3rd).
3rd - German Expeditionary Force
lands in South Finland at Hango
(see 1st, 13th, and December 16th).
4th - British submarines at Helsingfors
destroyed to avoid capture (3rd/4th) (see
3rd).
SIBERIA
5th - Japanese and British marines
land at Vladivostok (see August 2nd and
3rd).
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MONDAY
8th APRIL
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DIPLOMACY
9th
- Count Mirbach
appointed German Ambassador at Moscow (see
July 6th).
9th - National Council of the
Moldavian Republic (Bessarabia) pass Act
of Union with Rumania, with stipulation
for local autonomy (see 16th, December
23rd, 1917, and December 10th, 1918).
10th - Settlement Treaty between
Germany and Turkey ratified at Berlin (see
January 11th, 1917].
10th - Agreement reached between
Italy and the Yugo-Slavs
("Pact of Rome").
11th - French Government publish
text of Emperor of Austria's letter to
Prince Sixte
of Bourbon proposing peace negotiations
(see 15th, and March 31st, 1917).
13th - United Diets of Baltic
Provinces adopt resolution to form
themselves into a separate State within
the German Empire.
BRITAIN
10th - Third Military Service Act
passed in British Parliament. Military age
limit raised
to 50, and Conscription extended to
Ireland (see 18th, and June 8th, 1916).
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WESTERN
FRONT
9th
- Battles of the Lys begin (see
29th): Battle of Estaires
(9th/11th): Neuve
Chapelle taken
by German forces.
10th - Battle of Messines, 1918
(10th/11th): Messines taken by German
forces (see June 14th, 1917, and September
28th, 1918).
11th - Armentieres and Merville
taken by German forces (see October 11th
and 17th, 1914, August 19th and October
3rd, 1918).
12th - Battle of Hazebrouck
(Lys) begins (see 15th).
12th - Field-Marshal Sir Douglas
Haig issues Order of the Day to the
British Army in France on the serious
situation ("Backs to the Wall" order).
13th - Battle of Bailleul
(Lys) begins (see 15th).
14th - General Foch appointed
Commander-in-Chief of Allied Armies in
France. The Belgian forces were not
placed under the command of General Foch.
(see March
26th, August 6th, and November 5th).
AVIATION
12th - Last airship raid over
England in which casualties were inflicted
(27) (see January 19th, 1915, and August
5th, 1918).
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EASTERN FRONT
8th - Kharkov captured by German
forces.
FINLAND
13th – Helsingfors
captured by German forces (12th/14th) (see
3rd and 4th).
13th - Finnish Government announce
that all German troops landed in Finland
had been despatched
at their request.
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U-BOAT WARFARE
10th - Monrovia, Liberia bombarded
by a German submarine (see August 4th,
1917).
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MONDAY 15th APRIL
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DIPLOMACY
16th
- The Ukraine Government issue protest
against union of Bessarabia and Rumania
(see 9th and 23rd).
BRITAIN
18th - Third Military Service Act
comes into operation in Great Britain (see
10th).
20th - Lord Derby, Secretary of
State for War, Great Britain, resigns (see
December 11th, 1916). Viscount Milner
appointed Secretary of State for War,
Great Britain.
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
15th
- Count Czernin,
Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister, resigns
(see 17th, and December 22nd, 1916).
17th - Baron Burian
succeeds Count Czernin
as Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see
15th and October 25th).
17th - Dr. Wekerle,
Hungarian Premier, resigns (see 27th, and
August 21st, 1917).
JAPAN
21st - Viscount Motono,
Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs,
resigns (see 22nd, and November 21st,
1916).
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WESTERN FRONT
Battles
of the Lys continues.
15th - Battle of Hazebrouck
ends (see 12th).
15th
- Battle of Bailleul
ends (see 13th): Bailleul
taken by the German forces (see October
14th, 1914, and August 30th, 1918).
16th
- Passchendaele
reoccupied by German forces (see November
6th, 1917, and September 29th, 1918).
17th - First Battle of Kemmel
Ridge (Lys) begins (see 19th).
18th - Battle of Bethune (Lys).
19th - First Battle of Kemmel
Ridge ends (see 17th and 20th).
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EASTERN FRONT
19th - German forces enter the
Crimea.
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CAUCASUS
FRONT
15th
– Batum,
Georgia occupied by Turkish forces (see
December 27th).
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NORTH
SEA
15th
- Raid by British naval light forces on
the Kattegat (see November 2nd, 1917).
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MONDAY
22nd APRIL
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DIPLOMACY
22nd
- The Trans-Caucasian Council decide to
declare independence (night 22nd/23rd)
(see September 20th, 1917, and May 6th and
26th, 1918).
23rd - Russian Bolshevik Government
issue protest against union of Bessarabia
and Rumania (see 9th and 10th, and
December 10th).
23rd - Guatemala declares war on
Germany (see April 27th, 1917).
HUNGARY
27th - Dr. Wekerle
again appointed Hungarian Prime Minister
(see 17th, and October 24th).
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WESTERN FRONT
Battles
of the Lys continues.
24th - Actions of Villers-Bretonneux
(Somme) (24th/25th).
26th - Second Battle of Kemmel
Ridge (25th/26th): Mount Kemmel
stormed by German forces (see 19th, and
August 31st).
27th - First contingent of Italian
troops arrive on the French front.
(Approximate date.)
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CAUCASUS FRONT
27th – Kars, Georgia occupied by
Turkish forces.
Zeebrugge (Newbolt, Vol 5,
pp247)
|
BELGIAN COAST
23rd – Zeebrugge Raid:
Blocking raid by British naval light
forces on Ostend and Zeebrugge
(see May 9th). (plan -
left)
Blockships expended at
Zeebrugge: -
cruisers "Thetis" (below - Photo
Ships), "Intrepid", "Iphigenia"
Blockships lost off
Ostend - cruisers "Sirius", "Brilliant"
(link to British
despatches, RN awards and casualties)
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MONDAY
29th APRIL
|
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DIPLOMACY
29th
- German Government establish a military
dictatorship in The Ukraine. General Skoropadski
proclaimed Hetman (see May 9th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
29th
- The Battle of the Scherpenberg
brings to an end the Battles
of the Lys (see 9th).
|
FINLAND
30th
- Viborg
captured by German forces and Finnish
White Guards (see 13th).
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
30th
- Second action of Es Salt , Palestine,
begins (see May 4th).
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 129 ships of 280,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
|
|
MAY
1918
|
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE
|
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
|
ASIA
& AFRICA
|
NAVAL
& MARITIME
|
|
WEDNESDAY
1st MAY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
4th
- Armistice signed at Korenevo
between Russia and The Ukraine
(German-Ukrainian Command) (see June
12th).
IRELAND
5th
- Field-Marshal Lord French appointed
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (see December
15th, 1915).
PERSIA
3rd - Samsam
es Sultaneh
succeeds. Mustaufi
ul Mamalek
as Persian Prime Minister [see 31st, and
January 19th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN FRONT
1st - Sevastopol taken by German
forces (April 30th/May 1st).
|
PALESTINE FRONT
4th - Second action of Es Salt ends
(see April 30th).
|
CONTRABAND CONTROL
2nd - Agreement concluded regarding
export of sand and gravel from The
Netherlands for German use (see July
15th).
RUSSIAN NAVY
1st - Part of Russian Black Sea
Fleet seized by the Germans (see June
21st, 1917, and June 18th and November
26th, 1918).
|
|
MONDAY
6th MAY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
6th
- Turko-German
delegates arrive at Batum
to negotiate peace with the Georgians and
Armenians (see April 22nd, May 26th, and
June 8th).
7th - Final Treaty of Peace signed
between Rumania and Bulgaria, Central
Powers and Turkey (see March 5th),
together with various supplementary
treaties between the separate contracting
parties (see November 10th).
8th - Nicaragua declares war on
Germany and on Austria-Hungary (see May
18th, 1917).
11th - Peace signed in Berlin
between Finland and Turkey.
12th - Military Treaty ("Waffenbund")
signed between Germany and
Austria-Hungary.
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN FRONT
8th - Rostov (South Russia) captured
by German forces.
FINLAND
7th - Frederickshamn,
South Finland captured by Finnish White
Guards: End of the Finnish Civil War. The
civil war may be said to have begun about
March 1st, 1918.
|
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
7th
- Kirkuk taken by British forces (see
24th).
|
CONTRABAND CONTROL
9th - Joint Trade Committee of
Entente Powers formed in Holland.
BELGIAN COAST
9th – Ostend Raid. Blocking
attack on Ostend. H.M.S. "Vindictive" (below,
after Zeebrugge Raid - Jon Richards) sunk
to block the harbour
(see April 23rd).
(link to British
despatches, RN awards and casulties)
|
|
MONDAY
13th MAY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
15th
- Agreement between Entente Powers, Japan,
and China against German penetration in
Far East announced
16th - Agreement signed at Peking
between China and Japan for military
co-operation against German and Bolshevik
aggression (see 19th).
IRELAND
17th - Sinn Fein leaders arrested in
Ireland and interned (see 25th).
PORTUGAL
15th - Dr. S. B. O. da
Paes,
Portuguese Premier, resigns (see 16th, and
December 10th, 1917).
16th - Senhor
J. T. de Souza Barboza,
appointed Portuguese Secretary of the
Interior. (The appointment, of Premier
lapsed between May 15th and December 23rd.
During this period the functions
of the office were performed by the
Secretary of the Interior.) (see
15th, and December 22nd).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
AVIATION
18th - First British retaliatory air
raid on German towns. Cologne bombed by
day.
19th - Last German night aeroplane
raid on London in which casualties were
inflicted; 49 killed and 177 wounded.
(There were altogether nineteen aeroplane
raids on London during which bombs were
dropped, and one air reconnaissance during
which no bombs were dropped.) (see
May 7th, July 7th, and October 19th, 1917,
and August 5th, 1918).
19th - German air raid on British
camps and hospitals at Etaples;
heavy casualties.
|
|
CAUCASUS FRONT
18th - Alexandropol,
Georgia occupied by Turkish forces.
|
NAVAL AGREEMENT
19th - Agreement signed between
China and Japan for naval co-operation
(see 16th).
SPECIAL NAVAL FORCES
14th
- Italian naval raid (using "climbing
boats") on Pola
Harbour.
BRITISH COASTAL RAID
15th - German submarine bombards St.
Kilda (Hebrides).
|
|
MONDAY
20th MAY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
23rd - Costa Rica declares war on
Germany (see September 21st, 1917).
25th - British Government publish
account of Irish-German plots (see 17th).
26th - Trans-Caucasian Federal
Government (see September 20th, 1917, and
April 22nd, 1918), dissolved. Georgia
declares Independence and forms a National
Government. Armenian National Council assume
charge of Armenian affairs (see June 8th).
Tatar National Council proclaim
establishment of a "Republic of
Azerbaijan."
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
|
MESOPOTAMIAN FRONT
24th - Kirkuk evacuated by the
British forces (see 7th, and October
25th).
|
NORTH RUSSIA
24th - General F. C. Poole lands at
Murmansk to organise
the North Russia Expeditionary Force (see
June 4th, 8th and 23rd).
|
|
MONDAY
27th MAY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
29th - Peace Treaty signed at Vienna
between Austria-Hungary and Finland.
BELGIUM
31st - M. G. Cooreman
succeeds Baron de Broqueville
as Belgian Prime Minister (Baron de Broqueville
was appointed in 1911) (Baron de Broqueville
and M. Cooreman
presided over the Cabinet without the
title of Prime Minister (see November
21st).) (see
November 21st).
|
WESTERN FRONT
27th - Battle of the Aisne, 1918
("Third Battle of the Aisne"), begins (see
June 6th).
27th - Craonne
again taken by German forces (see May 4th,
1917, and October 12th, 1918).
29th - Soissons again taken by
German forces (see 27th, and August 2nd).
30th - Fère-en-Tardenois
taken by German forces (see 27th, and July
28th).
31st - German forces reach the
Marne. Château-Thierry and Dormans
captured (see July 21st).
|
BALKAN FRONT
31st - Battle of the Skra
di Legen,
Macedonia.
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 147 ships of 306,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
|
|
JUNE
1918
|
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE
|
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
|
ASIA
& AFRICA
|
NAVAL
& MARITIME
|
|
SATURDAY
1st JUNE
|
|
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Battle of the
Aisne, 1918 continues.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
|
|
|
MONDAY
3rd JUNE
|
|
DIPLOMACY
3rd
- British, French, and Italian Governments
make declarations supporting national
aspirations of Poles, Czecho-Slovaks,
and Yugo-Slavs
(see February 20th, June 29th, August
13th, September 25th, and November 16th).
4th - The Don Cossacks declare
independence.
8th - Russian Bolshevik Government
order Entente forces in North Russia to
leave the country (see 30th, and May
24th).
8th - Georgian Government and
Armenian National Council sign peace
treaties with Turkey (see May 6th and
20th). Georgian Government sign peace
treaty with Germany (see May 6th and
26th).
9th - First sitting of Anglo-German
Conference at The Hague on prisoners of
war.
|
WESTERN FRONT
6th - Battle of the Aisne, 1918,
ends (see May 27th).
9th - Battle of
the Matz
begins (see 14th).
AVIATION
5th - British Independent Air Force
in France constituted under tactical
command of Major-General Sir H. M. Trenchard.
|
BALKAN FRONT
6th - General Guillaumat,
Allied Commander-in-Chief, Salonika,
Greece, recalled to Paris (see 15th and
18th, and December 22nd, 1917).
|
SIBERIA
7th - Omsk occupied by Czecho-Slovak
forces (see November 18th).
|
U-BOAT or MINE WARFARE
6th - Dutch hospital ship "Koningen
Regentes" sunk
by mine or torpedo.
NORTH RUSSIA
4th - British Marines land at Pechenga
(North Russia) (see May 24th).
7th - British force lands at Kem
(North Russia) (see May 24th).
BLACK SEA
8th - German Expeditionary Force to
the Caucasus lands at Poti,
Georgia.
|
|
MONDAY
10th JUNE
|
|
DIPLOMACY
12th - Armistice concluded at Kiev
between the whole State of The Ukraine and
Russian Bolshevik Republic (see May 4th).
FRANCE
15th - General Guillaumat
appointed Governor of Paris (see 6th).
|
WESTERN FRONT
14th - Battle of the Matz
ends (see 9th).
|
EASTERN FRONT
12th – Tiflis, Georgia occupied by a
German force (see 8th, and December 27th).
ITALIAN FRONT
15th - Battle of the Piave
begins (see 24th).
|
CAUCASUS FRONT
12th - Kurdamir,
East Caucasus occupied by Turkish forces.
PERSIA
14th - Tabriz, North Persia again
occupied by Turkish forces (see January
30th, 1915).
|
COASTAL FORCES WARFARE
10th - Naval action off Premuda
Island. Austrian battleship "Szent
Istvan" (below
- Photo Ships) sunk by Italian motor
launch.
|
|
MONDAY
17th JUNE
|
|
AUSTRIA
21st
- Dr. Ernst Ritter von Seidler,
Austrian Premier, resigns (see June 23rd,
1917).
BULGARIA
18th
- M. Radoslavov,
Bulgarian Premier, resigns (date of
appointment July 20th, 1913). M. Malinov
appointed Premier and Foreign Minister.
PERSIA
20th
- Samsam es
Sultaneh
reappointed Persian Prime Minister (see
May 31st and August 3rd).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
BALKAN
FRONT
18th
- General Franchet
d'Esperey
appointed Commander-in-Chief Allied
Forces, Salonika (see 6th).
|
|
RUSSIAN
NAVY
18th
- Russian battleship "Svobodnaya
Rossiya" (left
- Photo Ships) destroyed in Black
Sea to avoid surrender to the Germans (see
May 4th).
NORTH
RUSSIA
23rd - British Expeditionary Forces
"Syren" and
"Elope" join the North Russian
Expeditionary Force at Murmansk (see 4th,
May 24th and July 20th).
|
|
MONDAY
24th JUNE
|
|
DIPLOMACY
29th
- United States Government announce their
view that all branches of the Slav races
should be completely freed from German and
Austrian rule (see 3rd).
30th - Treaty signed between the Czecho-Slovaks
and Italy, by which Italy recognises
Czecho-Slovak
Council and their jurisdiction over
nationals.
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
NORTH
RUSSIAN INTERVENTION
30th - Murman
Railway from Murmansk to Soroki
seized by Allied forces (29th/30th) (see
23rd).
30th
- Murman
Soviet (Sovdep)
decide to support the Entente against the
Bolshevik Government (see 8th, and July
7th and November 20th).
ITALIAN
FRONT
24th
- Battle of the Piave
ends (see 15th).
30th - First contingent of United
States troops arrive in Italy (see
November 3rd and 4th, 1917).
|
|
U-BOAT
WARFARE
27th - British hospital ship "Llandovery
Castle" sunk by submarine off Irish coast.
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 119 ships of 263,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
|
|
JULY
1918
|
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE
|
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
|
ASIA
& AFRICA
|
NAVAL
& MARITIME
|
|
MONDAY
1st JULY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
4th
- Siberian Council declare Independence
(see 6th).
6th - Declaration of Siberian
Independence cancelled (see 4th).
6th - German Ambassador at Moscow
(Count Mirbach)
murdered (see April 9th).
7th - Agreement signed between
France, Great Britain, United States of
America, and Murman
Sovdep
concerning Allied expedition to Murman
Coast (see June 30th).
TURKEY
3rd
- Sultan Mohammed V of Turkey dies.
Mohammed VI succeeds to the throne (see
November 14th, 1914).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
BALKAN FRONT
6th - French and Italian forces
begin offensive in Albania (see 10th and
22nd).
|
EAST
AFRICA
1st
- Affair of Nyamakura.
Near Quelimane,
Portuguese East Africa. This was the most
southerly point reached by Colonel von Lettow-Vorbeck's
force. (1st/3rd).
(link
to part of British despatch)
|
NORTH RUSSIA
Railway System in North Russia
(Newbolt, Vol 5, pp320)
|
|
MONDAY
8th JULY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
12th
- Haiti declares war on Germany (see June
16th, 1917).
GERMANY
9th
- Admiral von Hintze
succeds Herr
von Kuhlmann
as German Foreign Minister (see August
5th, 1917, and October 4th, 1918).
SIBERIA
10th - New Government formed at
Vladivostok under General Horvat
(see August 24th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
BALKAN
FRONT
10th
- Berat,
Albania taken by Italian forces (see 6th,
and February 17th, 1916).
|
SIBERIA
13th
- Irkutsk occupied by Czecho-Slovak
forces (see October 14th).
14th
- Kazan, East Russia captured by Czecho-Slovak
forces.
|
JAPANESE
NAVY
12th
- Japanese battleship "Kawachi"
destroyed by internal explosion.
U-BOAT WARFARE
British Anti-Submarine Sweep (Newbolt,
Vol 5, pp340)
|
|
MONDAY
15th JULY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
19th
- Honduras declares war on Germany (see
May 17th, 1917).
BRITAIN
18th - Sir L. Worthington-Evans
succeeds Lord Robert Cecil as British
Minister for Blockade (see February 23rd,
1916).
AUSTRIA
16th - Field-Marshal Conrad von Hotzendorff,
Commander-in-Chief, Austro-Hungarian
Armies, relieved of his command.
RUSSIA
16th
- Ex-Tsar Nicholas II, ex-Tsaritsa,
and family murdered at Ekaterinburg
(see March 15th, 1917).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
15th
- Fourth Battle of Champagne begins
(see 18th, and April 17th, 1917).
18th
- Fourth Battle of Champagne ends
(see 15th).
18th
- Second Battle of the Marne begins
(see August 7th).
20th
- German forces retreat across the Marne
(see 18th).
21st
- Chateau-Thierry retaken by Allied forces
(see 18th, 20th, and May 31st).
AVIATION
20th
- Last attempt to attack the British Isles
with aeroplanes
(unsuccessful) (There were altogether 59 aeroplane
raids against the British Isles during
which bombs were dropped. There were also
11 reconnaissance flights over parts of
Great Britain or in the vicinity of the
coast when no bombs were dropped. See also
footnotes against entries of May 19th and
August 5th.) (see
December 21st, 1914, and August 5th,
1918).
|
|
TRANS-CASPIA
19th - British operations in Trans-Caspia
(Turkmenistan) begin (see August
26th).
PERSIA
20th
- British defence
of Resht, North-West Persia.
|
CONTRABAND
CONTROL
15th
- British Government protest against "Sand
and Gravel Agreement" between Germany and
The Netherlands (see May 2nd).
MINE
WARFARE
19th
- United States cruiser "San Diego" (below)
sunk by mine off Fire Island, Atlantic
coast.
|
|
MONDAY
22nd JULY
|
|
DIPLOMACY
26th
- British Government declare to M. Petrov
that they have no intention of infringing
the territorial integrity of Russia (see
August 6th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Second
Battle of the Marne continues.
23rd
- Battle of Soissonais
and Ourcq
begins (see August 2nd). (British dates.)
28th
- Fere-en-Tardenois
retaken by Allied forces (see May 30th).
|
BALKAN
FRONT
22nd
- Allied offensive in Albania, checked
(see 6th, 10th, and August 22nd).
|
RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR
26th
-
Coup d'etat
in Baku: Bolshevik Government replaced
by Central Caspian Dictatorship.
|
NORTH RUSSIA
26th - Bulk of French Expeditionary
Force troops join the North Russia
Expeditionary Force at Murmansk (see June
23rd).
|
|
MONDAY
29th JULY
|
|
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Second
Battle of the Marne continues.
|
EASTERN FRONT
30th - Field-Marshal von Eichhorn,
commanding German Army in The Ukraine,
assassinated in Kiev (see April 29th).
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 115 ships of 274,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
|
|
AUGUST
1918
|
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE
|
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
|
ASIA
& AFRICA
|
NAVAL
& MARITIME
|
|
THURSDAY
1st AUGUST
|
|
DIPLOMACY
2nd
- Japanese Government decide to land
troops at Vladivostok (see 11th, and April
5th).
PERSIA
3rd
- Samsam es
Sultaneh,
Persian Prime Minister, resigns (see 7th,
and June 20th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Second
Battle of the Marne continues.
2nd
- Battle of Soissonais
and Ourcq
ends (see July 23rd).
2nd
- Soissons retaken by Allied forces (see
May 29th).
|
NORTH
RUSSIAN INTERVENTION
1st
- Allied Expeditionary Force attack and
capture the defences
of Archangel (see 2nd).
2nd
- Pro-Entente reyolution
in Archangel. Entente forces enter the
town (see 1st).
|
CASPIAN INTERVENTION
4th - British force arrives at Baku
(Caspian Sea) (see 26th, and July 19th).
4th - Bolshevik Committee at Enzeli,
Persia arrested by British
military authorities.
|
U-BOAT
WARFARE
3rd
- British ambulance transport "Warilda"
sunk by submarine.
SIBERIA
3rd
- British troops land at Vladivostok (see
2nd, and April 5th).
|
|
MONDAY
5th AUGUST
|
|
DIPLOMACY
6th
- British Government issue Declaration to
Russian peoples, stating that they have no
intention of interfering in Russian
politics (see July 26th).
8th
- British Government inform Finnish
Government that they are in no way hostile
to Finnish aspirations on the Murman
Coast and in Karelia.
FRANCE
6th
- General Foch created Marshal of France.
PERSIA
7th - Vossuq
ed Douleh
appointed Persian Prime Minister (see 3rd,
and May 29th, 1917).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
7th
- Second Battle of the Marne ends
(see July 18th).
8th
- Battle of Amiens begins (see
11th).
8th
- Battle of Montdidier
begins (see 15th).
AVIATION
5th
- Last attempt to attack England with
airships (unsuccessful— "L.-70" destroyed)
(see January 19th, 1915, and April 12th
and July 20th, 1918). (There were
altogether 51 airship raids against the
British Isles during which bombs were
dropped. There were also 8 attempted raids
which either did not reach the coast, or
which, for some other reason, failed in
action. There were also 59 aeroplane
attacks in which bombs were dropped (see
July 20th), and 11 aeroplane
reconnaissances.
Total number of air raids in which bombs
were dropped was 110.)
|
|
|
U-BOAT
WARFARE
7th
- French cruiser "Dupetit
Thouars" (below
- Photo Ships) sunk by submarine in
the Atlantic.
|
|
MONDAY
9th AUGUST
|
|
PERSIA
10th
- Mushaver ul
Mamalek,
Persian Foreign Minister, resigns (see
11th, and January 19th).
11th - Mushaver
ul Mamalek
reappointed Persian Foreign Minister (see
10th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Battle of Montdidier
continues.
10th
- Montdidier
retaken by French forces (see 8th, and
March 27th).
11th - Battle of Amiens ends (see
8th).
AVIATION
11th - German airship "L.-53"
destroyed off Frisian coast. Last German
airship to be destroyed.
|
|
SIBERIAN INTERVENTION
11th - First Japanese contingents
arrive at Vladivostok (see 2nd and 24th,
and September 5th).
|
|
|
MONDAY
12th AUGUST
|
|
DIPLOMACY
13th
- The Czecho-Slovaks
declare War on Germany.
13th
- British Government recognise
the Czecho-Slovaks
as an Allied nation (see June 3rd and
September 3rd).
CZECHO-SLOVAKIA
17th - Slovene National Council meet
at Ljubljana (Laibach)
(see November 2nd).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
15th - Battle of Montdidier
ends (see 8th).
15th - Last bombardment of Paris by
German long-range gun (see March 23rd).
17th - Second Battle of Noyon
begins (see 29th).
18th - British advance in Flanders
begins: Action of Outtersteene
Ridge.
|
|
TRANS-CASPIA
15th - Action of Bairam
Ali: Trans-Caspian Government defeated by
Bolshevik forces.
18th - Merv
taken by Bolshevik forces (see November
1st).
|
GERMAN
NAVY
13th
- Admiral von Capelle,
German Minister of Marine, resigns (see
15th, and March 15th, 1916).
15th - Vice-Admiral von Behnke
appointed German Minister of Marine (see
13th).
|
|
MONDAY
19th AUGUST
|
|
SIBERIA
24th
-
Coup d'etat
by General Horvat
at Vladivostok (see July 10th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Second Battle of
Noyon
continues.
19th
- Morville
retaken by British forces (see April
11th).
21st
- Second Battles of the Somme, 1918,
begin with the Battle of Albert,
1918 (21st/23rd) (see September 3rd).
22nd
- Albert recaptured by British forces (see
21st, and March 26th).
|
BALKAN
FRONT
22nd
- Austrian forces begin counter-offensive
in Albania (see July 6th and 22nd).
|
SIBERIAN
INTERVENTION
24th
- Battle of Dukhovskaya,
Eastern Siberia (23rd/24th). Bolsheviki
decisively defeated by Allied forces.
(Japanese, with one British battalion.)
|
|
|
MONDAY
26th AUGUST
|
|
DIPLOMACY
27th
- German and Russian Bolshevik Governments
conclude complementary treaty of peace
(see March 3rd).
BRITAIN
30th - Lieut.-General
Sir G. E. N. Macready, Adjutant-General,
Home Forces, Great Britain, resigns (see
February 22nd, 1916, and September 11th,
1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Second
Battles of the Somme, 1918, continue.
26th
- Second Battles of Arras, 1918, begin
with Battle of the Scarpe,
1918 (see 30th, March 28th and September
3rd).
27th
- Roye
recaptured by British forces (see March
26th).
29th - Bapaume
retaken by British forces (see March
24th).
29th - Noyon
retaken by French forces (see March 25th).
Second Battle of Noyon
ends (see 17th).
30th - Battle of the Scarpe,
1918, ends (see 26th)
30th - Bailleul
retaken by British forces (see April
15th).
31st - Second Battle of Bapaume
begins (see March 24th and September
3rd).
31st - German forces evacuate Mount
Kemmel (see
April 26th).
|
BALKAN
FRONT
26th
- Berat,
Albania retaken by Austrian forces (see
22nd, and July 10th and October 1st).
|
CASPIAN
INTERVENTION
26th
- Defence of
Baku , Caspian Sea against Turkish attack
begins (see 4th, July 19th and September
15th).
27th
- British force occupies Krasnovodsk
on Caspian Sea.
TRANS-CASPIA
28th - Affair near Kaakhka.
|
ROYAL NAVY
31st - Captain Cromie,
R.N., British Naval Attache, murdered by Bolsheviki
in British Embassy, Petrograd.
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 151 ships of 283,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
|
|
SEPTEMBER
1918
|
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE
|
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
|
ASIA
& AFRICA
|
NAVAL
& MARITIME
|
|
SUNDAY
1st SEPTEMBER
|
|
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Second Battles of the Somme, 1918.
Second
Battles of Arras, 1918.
Second Battle of
Bapaume.
1st - Péronne
retaken by British forces (see. March
24th).
|
|
|
|
|
MONDAY
2nd SEPTEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
3rd
- United States Government recognises
the Czecho-Slovaks
as possessing a de facto Government (see August 13th and October 21st).
CHINA
4th - Hsu-Shih-Chang elected
President of China (see October 11th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
2nd
- Battle of the Drocourt-Queant
Line (2nd/3rd).
3rd
- Second Battles of the Somme, 1918,
end (see August 21st).
3rd
- Second Battles of Arras, 1918, end (see
August 26th).
3rd
- Lens occupied by British forces (see
October 4th, 1914).
3rd
- Second Battle of Bapaume
ends (see August 31st).
|
NORTH
RUSSIAN INTERVENTION
4th – Obozerskaya
occupied by Allied forces (see August
2nd).
|
SIBERIAN INTERVENTION
5th - Khabarovsk, Eastern Siberia
taken by Japanese forces (see 18th and
August 11th).
|
NORTH RUSSIA
2nd
- Italian contingent lands at Murmansk to
join Allied Expeditionary Force (see July
26th).
4th - United States contingent lands
at Murmansk to join Allied Expeditionary
Force (see 2nd).
|
|
MONDAY
9th SEPTEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
15th
- Austrian Government send Note to
President Wilson suggesting an
"unofficial" peace conference (see 16th,
and January 12th, 1917).
15th
- German Government make definite peace
offer to Belgium (see January 10th and
12th, 1917).
BRITAIN
11th
- Lieut.-General
Sir G. M. W. Macdonogh
appointed Adjutant-General, Home Forces,
Great Britain (see August 30th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
12th
- Battle of St. Mihiel
(12th/13th).
12th
- Battles of the Hindenburg Line (see
October 9th) begin with Battle of
Havrincourt.
|
NORTH
RUSSIAN INTERVENTION
11th
- Ukhtinskaya,
Murman front
captured by Allied forces.
12th
- Actions of Chamova
(Archangel front) begin (see 14th).
14th
- Actions of Chamova
end (see 12th).
BALKAN
FRONT
15th - Battle of the Dobropolje,
Macedonia begins. Called by the Serbs
"Battle of the Moglenitza."
(see 16th).
|
CASPIAN
INTERVENTION
14th
- British evacuation of Baku begins (see
15th, and August 26th).
15th
- Baku finally evacuated by the British
forces (night 14th/15th) (see August 26th
and November 17th).
|
|
|
MONDAY 16th SEPTEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
16th
- President Wilson replies to the Austrian
Note rejecting suggestion for a peace
conference (see 15th, and October 4th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Battles of the
Hindenburg Line continue.
18th - Battle of Epehy.
AVIATION
16th
- Last German aeroplane
raid on Paris (see August 30th, 1914).
|
BALKAN
FRONT
16th - Battle of the Dobropolje
ends (see 15th).
18th - Battle of Monastir-Doiran
(see 24th), including Battle of Doiran,
1918), begins (see 19th).
19th - Battle of Doiran,
1918, ends (see 18th and 22nd).
22nd - Doiran
occupied by British forces (see 19th, and
December 11th, 1915).
|
PALESTINE FRONT
19th - Battles of Megiddo, Sharon
and Nablus, begin (see 23rd and 25th).
20th - Nazareth and Beisan
occupied by British cavalry (see 19th).
SIBERIAN INTERVENTION
18th - Blagovyeschensk
occupied by Japanese forces (see 5th)
|
ROYAL NAVY
16th - H.M.S. "Glatton"
(below - Photo Ships) sunk by
explosion in Dover harbour.
|
|
MONDAY
23rd SEPTEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
25th
- Yugo-Slav
State recognised
as independent by Italy (see June 3rd and
October 5th).
27th
- Bulgarian Government ask Entente Powers
for an armistice (see 30th).
JAPAN
28th
- Baron Goto,
Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs,
resigns (see 29th, and April 22nd).
29th - Takashi Hara
succeeds Count Terauchi as Japanese Prime
Minister (see October 9th, 1916). Count Yasuya
Uchida appointed Japanese Minister for
Foreign Affairs (see 28th). Lieut.-General
Kenichi Oshima,
Japanese Minister for War, resigns (see
30th, and March 30th, 1916).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Battles of the
Hindenburg Line continue.
26th
- Battle of Champagne and Argonne
begins (see October 15th).
27th
- Battle of the Canal du Nord begins
(see October 1st).
28th
- Battle of the Flanders Ridges begins
(see October 10th).
28th
- Battle of Ypres, 1918, begins (see
November 10th, 1917, and October 2nd,
1918).
28th
- Messines retaken by British forces (see
April 10th).
29th
- Battle of the St. Quentin Canal
begins (see October 2nd).
29th
- Passchendaele
retaken by Allied forces (see 28th, and
April 16th).
29th
- Dixmude
retaken by Belgian forces (see November
10th, 1914).
|
BALKAN
FRONT (plan - below)
23rd
- Prilep
(South Serbia) taken by French forces (see
November 16th, 1915).
24th
- Battle of Monastir-Doiran
ends (see 18th).
25th
- Ishtip (see
October 19th, 1915) and Veles
(see October 21st, 1915) retaken by
Serbian forces.
The Balkans (Newbolt, Vol 4, pp100)
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
23rd
- Ma'an, on
Hejaz Railway evacuated by the Turkish
garrison (see 29th).
23rd
- Haifa, Acre, and Es Salt, Palestine
occupied by British forces (see 19th).
25th
- British cavalry cut Hejaz railway at
Amman.
25th
- Battles of Megiddo end (see 19th).
29th
- Turkish garrison of Ma'an
surrenders near Amman (Palestine) (see
23rd).
EAST
AFRICA
29th
- German force in East Africa recrosses
the Rovuma and again enters German
territory (see November 25th, 1917, and
November 1st, 1918).
|
|
|
MONDAY
30th SEPTEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
30th
- Armistice between Bulgaria and Entente
Powers signed (see 27th).
30th
- Hostilities between Bulgaria and Entente
Powers cease at 12 noon.
GERMANY
30th
- Count Hertling,
German Imperial Chancellor, resigns (see
October 30th, 1917, and October 4th,
1918).
JAPAN
30th
- Lieut.-General
Giichi Tanaka
appointed Japanese Minister for War (see
29th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of the Hindenburg Line.
Battle
of Champagne and Argonne .
Battle
of the Canal du Nord
Battle
of the Flanders Ridges.
Battle
of Ypres, 1918.
Battle of the St. Quentin Canal.
|
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 96 ships of 191,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
NORTH
RUSSIA
30th
- Canadian contingent lands at Archangel
to join Allied Expeditionary Force (see
August 2nd).
|
|
OCTOBER
1918
|
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE
|
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
|
ASIA
& AFRICA
|
NAVAL
& MARITIME
|
|
TUESDAY
1st OCTOBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
4th
- German and Austro-Hungarian Governments
send Notes to President Wilson proposing
an armistice (see 8th and 18th). (The
German note was received by President
Wilson on October 6th and the Austrian
on October 7th.)
4th
- Austro-Hungarian Government send Note to
President Wilson proposing an armistice
(see 27th, and September 16th).
GERMANY
4th
- Prince Max of Baden appointed German
Imperial Chancellor, and succeeds Admiral
von Hintze as
Foreign Minister (see September 30th, July
9th, and November 9th).
YUGOSLAVIA
5th - Yugo-Slav
delegates meet at Agram
and decide on the formation of
a United National Council (see
29th, and September 25th).
BULGARIA
4th
- King Ferdinand of Bulgaria abdicates in
favour of his
son Prince Boris (see September 30th and
November 1st).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of the Hindenburg Line.
Battle
of Champagne and Argonne .
Battle
of the Flanders Ridges.
1st
- Battle of the Canal du Nord ends (see
September 27th).
1st
- St. Quentin retaken by French forces
(see September 27th).
2nd
- Battle of Ypres, 1918, ends (see
September 28th).
2nd
- Battle of the St. Quentin Canal ends
(see September 29th).
3rd
- Battle of the Beaurevoir
Line begins (see 5th).
3rd
- Armentieres
retaken by British forces (see April
11th).
5th
- Battle of the Beaurevoir
Line ends (see 3rd).
|
NORTH
RUSSIAN INTERVENTION
3rd
- Action near Pyavozero
Lake (Murman
front).
4th
- General Ironside
takes over command of Allied forces at
Archangel
BALKAN
FRONT
1st
- Berat
(Albania) retaken by Italian forces (see
August 26th).
5th
- Vranje
retaken by Serbian forces (see October
15th, 1915).
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
1st
- Damascus taken by British and Arab
forces.
6th
- Sidon, Syria occupied by British forces.
|
U-BOAT WARFARE
1st
- Allies establish net and mine barrage
across Straits of Otranto.
ADRIATIC
2nd
- Durazzo
bombarded by Italian and British warships
(see 14th, and February 27th, 1916).
|
|
MONDAY
7th OCTOBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
8th
- President Wilson replies to Note of
German Government, and demands evacuation
of occupied territories as first condition
of armistice (see 4th and 12th).
12th - German Government reply to
President Wilson's Note and accept
conditions (see 8th and 14th).
12th - British Government recognise
the Polish National Army as autonomous,
allied and co-belligerent.
GERMANY
9th - Major-General Scheuch
succeeds Major-General von Stein as German
Minister for War (see October 30th, 1916,
and December 17th, 1918).
TURKEY
13th - Izzet
Pasha succeeds Talaat
Pasha as Turkish Grand Vizier (see
February 4th, 1917).
CHINA
11th - Feng-Kuo-Chang,
President of China, retires (see July 6th,
1917, and September 4th, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
8th
- Battle of Cambrai,
1918, begins (see 9th).
9th
- Cambrai
City captured by British forces (see
August 26th, 1914).
9th - End of Battle of Cambrai
(see 8th) brings Battles of the
Hindenburg Line to a close (see
September 12th).
10th - Battle of the Flanders
Ridges ends (see September 28th).
12th - Craonne
again captured by French forces (see May
27th).
13th - Laon
and La Fere
retaken by French forces (see August 30th,
1914).
|
BALKAN
FRONT
7th
- Elbasan
(Albania) taken by Italian forces (see
February 2nd, 1916).
10th - Pristina
(Serbia) retaken by French forces 1915). (see
November 23rd).
11th - Prizren
(Serbia) retaken by French forces (see
December 1st, 1915).
11th - Nish (Serbia) reoccupied by
Allied forces (see November 5th, 1915).
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
7th
- Beirut, Syria occupied by French forces.
13th - Tripoli, Syria occupied by
Allied forces.
TRANS-CASPIA
12th - Action of Dushak.
|
U-BOAT WARFARE
10th - Irish mail boat "Leinster"
(below - Dave Martin) sunk by
submarine.
|
|
MONDAY
14th OCTOBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
14th
- President Wilson replies to German
Government, attaching further military
conditions to the terms of armistice, and
warning against further breaches of laws
of war, and insists on dealing only with a
democratic Government (see 12th and 20th).
14th - Turkish Government Note to
President Wilson proposing an armistice
delivered at Washington.
16th - Austrian Emperor issues
manifesto proclaiming a Federal State on
the principle of Nationality (excluding
Hungary) (see 5th and 29th).
18th - President
Wilson replies to Austro-Hungarian Note of
October 4th (see 27th).
20th - German Government reply to
President Wilson's Note accepting
proposals contained therein (see 14th and
23rd).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
14th - Battle of Courtrai begins
(see 19th).
14th - Roulers
recaptured by Allied forces (see October
18th, 1914).
15th - Battle of Champagne and
Argonne ends (see September 26th).
15th - Menin
captured by Allied forces (see October
9th, 1914).
17th - Ostend (see October 15th,
1914), Lille (see October 12th, 1914), and
Douai (see August 26th, 1914) retaken by
Allied forces.
17th - Battle of the Selle
begins (see 25th).
19th - Battle
of Courtrai ends (see 14th).
19th - Zeebrugge
and Bruges reocoupied
by Belgian forces (see October 12th and
14th, 1914).
20th - Belgian coast completely
reocoupied
by Allied forces (see October 15th,
1914).
|
BALKAN
FRONT
14th - Durazzo
(see 2nd), Novi Bazar
(see November 20th, 1915), and Ipek
(see December 6th, 1915) retaken by
Italian forces.
|
PALESTINE FRONT
15th – Homs, Syria occupied by
British cavalry.
SIBERIAN INTERVENTION
14th - British troops from
Vladivostok reach Irkutsk, Siberia (see
18th, and July 13th and August 3rd).
18th - British troops from
Vladivostok reach Omsk (see 14th).
|
|
|
MONDAY
21st OCTOBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
21st
- The Ban of Croatia refuses offer of
Military Governor of Agram
to suppress the Yugo-Slav
National Council (see 5th and 29th).
21st
- The Czecho-Slovaks
declare Independence (see August 13th,
September 3rd, and November 14th).
23rd
- President Wilson replies to German Note
of the 20th, and agrees to submit the
matter to the Allied and Associated
Governments (see 27th, and November 3rd).
27th - Austrian Government ask Italy
for an armistice (see 4th, and November
3rd).
27th - German Government
acknowledges President Wilson's Note of
October 23rd.
27th - Austro-Hungarian Government
submit further Note to President Wilson
asking for immediate armistice "without
awaiting the result of other negotiations"
(see 4th and 18th).
GERMANY
27th - General von Ludendorff
resigns (see August 29th, 1916).
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
24th - Dr. Wekerle,
Hungarian Premier, resigns (see April 27th
and November 1st).
25th
- Count Andrassy succeeds Baron Burian
as Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see
April 17th und November 1st).
YUGOSLAVIA
26th - King of Montenegro issues
manifesto in favour
of a confederated Yugo-Slavia
with autonomous States (see 29th, and
November 7th and 23rd).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
25th - Battle of the Selle
ends (see 17th).
|
ITALIAN
FRONT
24th
- Battle of Vittorio
Veneto begins (see November 4th).
|
PALESTINE FRONT
26th - Aleppo, Syria taken by
British forces.
ARABIA
22nd
- Affair of Imad
(Aden).
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
23rd
- British advance on Mosul (Mesopotamia)
begins (see November 4th).
25th - Kirkuk (Mesopotamia) again
taken by British forces (see May 24th).
|
|
|
MONDAY
28th OCTOBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
30th
- Armistice between Turkey and Entente
Powers signed at Mudros
(see 31st).
30th - Fiume surrendered to the
Croats by the Hungarian authorities.
"National Council of Fiume " proclaim
the independence of the city and announce
desire for union with Italy (see November
5th).
31st - Hostilities between Entente
and Turkey cease at
12 noon (see 30th).
AUSTRO-HUNGARY
31st - Revolutions in Vienna and
Budapest (see November 1st, 12th and
16th).
31st - Count Tisza assassinated in
Vienna (see May 23rd, 1917).
YUGOSLAVIA
29th
- Yugo-Slav
National Council at Agram
repudiate
Imperial policy and declare the
independence of the Yugo-Slavs
(see 5th, 21st, 26th, and November 7th and
23rd).
30th - Croation
Congress (Sabor)
unanimously adhere to Yugo-Slav
declaration of independence (see 29th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
BALKAN
FRONT
29th
- San Giovanni di
Medua
(Albania) occupied by Italian forces (see
January 25th, 1916).
31st - Scutari (Albania) retaken by
Italian forces (see January 23rd, 1916).
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
28th
- Muslimiya
Junction, north of Aleppo, Syria, occupied
by British cavalry.
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
28th
- Battle of Sharqat
begins (see 30th).
30th - Battle of Sharqat
ends (see 28th). Turkish army on the
Tigris surrenders.
|
AUSTRIAN NAVY
31st - Austrian Emperor makes over
the Austro-Hungarian Fleet to the Yugo-Slav
National Council (see 29th).
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British,
Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month - 69 ships of 117,000 tons gross.
(Lloyd's War Losses)
|
|
NOVEMBER
1918
|
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE
|
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE
|
ASIA
& AFRICA
|
NAVAL
& MARITIME
|
|
FRIDAY
1st NOVEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
1st
- "State of War" begins between The
Ukraine and Poland (see 23rd).
3rd
- Allied Governments agree to Germany's
proposal for an armistice and peace on
basis of President Wilson's proposals of
January 8th (see 5th and October 23rd).
3rd
- Armistice between Austria-Hungary and
the Entente signed (see 4th, 15th, and
October 27th).
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
1st
- Baron von Flotow
succeeds Count Andrassy provisionally as
Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister (see
October 25th, and entry next above).
2nd
- Administration of Carniola taken over
from the Austro-Hungarian authorities by
Slovene leaders (see August 17th).
HUNGARY
1st
- Independent Hungarian Government formed.
Count Karolyi
appointed Premier (see October 24th and
31st).
BULGARIA
1st
- King Boris of Bulgaria abdicates (see
October 4th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
1st - Battle of Valenciennes
begins (see 2nd).
2nd - Battle of Valenciennes
ends (see 1st and 3rd).
3rd - Valenciennes
occupied by British forces (see 2nd, and
August 25th, 1914).
|
BALKAN FRONT
1st - Belgrade retaken by
Serbian forces (see October 9th, 1915, and
December 9th, 1918).
ITALIAN FRONT
3rd
- Trieste occupied by Italian forces.
|
TRANS-CASPIA
1st
- Merv
, Trans-Caspian,
retaken
by British and Russian forces (see August
18th).
EAST AFRICA
1st
- German force in East Africa enters
Rhodesia and attacks Fife (see 9th, and
September 29th).
|
GERMAN NAVY
3rd - Mutiny breaks out in the
German fleet at Kiel (see August 3rd,
1917).
U-BOAT WARFARE
2nd - Last British merchant vessels,
S.S. "Surada"
and "Murcia", sunk by submarine (in the
Mediterranean).
SPECIAL FORCES WARFARE
1st - Austrian battleship "Viribus
Unitis" (below
- Photo Ships) sunk by Italian
frogmen in Pola
harbour.
NORTH RUSSIA
(link
to Admiralty despatch on North
Russian operations, November 1918 to
October 1919)
|
|
MONDAY 4th NOVEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
4th
- Hostilities between Austria-Hungary and
the Entente cease (see 3rd and 15th).
5th
- Marshal Foch placed in supreme strategical
direction of all forces operating against
Germany on all fronts (see April 14th).
5th
- President Wilson sends final Note to the
German Government with Allies acceptance
of armistice proposals (see 3rd and 8th).
8th
- German armistice delegates reach Allied
General Headquarters (see 11th, and
October 23rd).
9th
- Joint Declaration by British and French
Governments regarding future of Syria and
Mesopotamia.
10th
- The Kaiser crosses the frontier into
Holland (see 9th and 28th).
10th
- King of Rumania announces that the
Romanian nation have taken up arms again
on the side of the Allies (see December
6th, 1917).
GERMANY
7th
- Bavaria proclaimed a Republic.
9th
- German Imperial Chancellor (Prince Max)
announces that the Kaiser has decided to
abdicate. Prince Max becomes Regent. Herr
Ebert becomes Imperial Chancellor (see
10th, 28th, and October 4th).
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
9th
- Czech forces at Ekaterinenburg
proclaim national independence.
SERBIA
6th
- King Peter of Serbia re-enters Belgrade
(see 1st, and January 17th, 1916).
YUGOSLAVIA
7th
- Yugo-Slav
conference at Geneva decide to form a
joint Yugo-Slav-Serbian
Government to control military and foreign
affairs (see 23rd, and October 29th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
4th
- Battle of the Sambre.
4th
- Second Battle of Guise (4th/5th).
6th
- Sedan taken by United States forces (see
August 29th, 1914).
8th
- Maubeuge
retaken by British forces (see September
7th, 1914).
10th
- Mezieres
retaken by French forces (see August 27th,
1914).
10th
- Ghent reoccupied by Belgian forces (see
October 12th, 1914).
GERMAN REVOLUTION
9th
- Revolution breaks out in Berlin.
|
RUMANIA
10th
- Allied forces cross the Danube at Ruschuk
and enter Rumania.
ITALIAN
FRONT
4th - Battle of Vittorio
Veneto ends (see October 24th).
|
MESOPOTAMIAN FRONT
4th
- Mosul occupied by British forces (see
October 23rd).
EAST AFRICA
9th
- Kasama,
Rhodesia taken by Colonel von Lettow-Vorbeek's
force (see 1st and 13th).
|
ROYAL NAVY
5th - H.M.S. "Campania" (below,
sinking - Maritime Quest) sunk by
collision in the Firth of Forth.
U-BOAT WARFARE
9th - H.M.S. "Britannia" sunk by
submarine in the Atlantic (last warship so
lost).
ADRIATIC
4th - Antivari,
Montenegro occupied by Italian naval
forces (see January 22nd, 1916).
5th - Fiume occupied by Italian
naval forces (see 18th, and October 30th)
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
.9th - Alexandretta, Syria
occupied by Entente naval forces.
|
|
MONDAY
11th NOVEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
11th
- Armistice concluded between the Allied
and Associated Powers and Germany. Signed
in Marshal Foch's special train at
Rethondes Station in the Forest of Compiegne.
11th
- British Government recognise
Latvian Provisional Government as
independent (see January 12th).
12th
- German-Austrian Republic proclaimed.
15th
- Hungarian Government (see 1st) concludes
separate armistice with General Officer
Commanding Allied Army, General Henry, at
Belgrade (see 3rd).
17th
- Yugo-Slav
National Council at Agram
protest against the Italian occupation of
Fiume (see 5th and 18th).
ESTONIA
11th
- New National Government formed in
Estonia (see 16th, and January 13th).
16th
- New National Government in Estonia order
general mobilization (see 11th.).
POLAND
16th
- Polish Government (M. Pilsudski) issue
declaration proclaiming Poland an
Independent and Sovereign State (see June
3rd).
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
12th
- Emperor of Austria abdicates (see
October 31st).
CZECHOSLOVAKIA
14th
- Professor Masaryk elected First
President of the Czecho-Slovak
Republic (see October 21st).
HUNGARY
16th
- Hungary declares Independence (see 1st,
and October 31st).
17th
- M. Moraczewski
appointed Polish Prime Minister (see
16th).
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WESTERN
FRONT
11th
- Mons retaken by British forces (see
August 24th, 1914).
11th
- Hostilities on the Western front
cease at 11 a.m. (see 8th, and
December 14th).
FRANCE
17th - Mulhouse (Alsace-Lorraine) again
occupied by French forces (see August
25th, 1914).
GERMANY
16th - Allied Armies begin march into
Germany.
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UKRAINE
15th
- General Petlyura
commences revolt against The Ukraine
Government (see December 11th).
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EAST AFRICA
13th
- German force in East Africa reaches the
Chambezi
River, Rhodesia. News of armistice
received (see
9th, 14th and 25th).
14th
- Hostilities in East Africa cease.
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ROYAL NAVY
14th - H.M.S. "Cochrane" wrecked at
entrance to Liverpool.
GERMAN NAVY
15th - German cruiser "Koenigsberg"
(below - Photo Ships) with
German naval delegates, enters Firth of
Forth to arrange surrender of the German
fleet (see 20th and 21st).
TURKEY
12th
- Allied fleet passes through the
Dardanelles (see 13th, and October 30th).
13th
- Allied fleet arrives at Constantinople
(see 12th and 21st).
CASPIAN SEA
17th - Baku again occupied by British
forces (see September 15th).
(link
to part of British despatch)
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British,
Allied and Neutral ships lost to enemy
submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the
month to 11 November - 8 ships of
15,000
tons gross. Total for 1918 to date – 1,313
ships of 2,724,000 tons gross.
Grand
total for war – 6,927 ships of 13,089,000
tons gross (Lloyd's War Losses)
|
|
MONDAY
18th NOVEMBER
|
|
DIPLOMACY
21st
- Greek, Serbian, and Rumanian Governments
issue circular memorandum announcing their
decision to strengthen the union between
the three countries by all available
means.
FRANCE
19th - General Petain
created Marshal of France (see May 15th,
1917).
BELGIUM
21st
- Belgian Government reinstated at
Brussels (see 18th, and August 17th,
1914).
21st
- M. L. Delacroix succeeds M. Cooreman
as Belgian Prime Minister (see May 31st)
and M. Masson succeeds Lieut.-General
de Ceuninck
as Minister for "War (see August 4th,
1917). (M. Delacroix was the first
Minister to hold the title of Prime
Minister. See note to entry of May 31st.)
YUGOSLAVIA
23rd
- Yugo-Slav
National Council vote for union with
Serbia and formation of a common State
with Serbia and Montenegro (see 7th, 29th,
October 29th and December 4th).
|
FRANCE
18th
- Last German troops recross
French frontier (see August 2nd, 1914)
19th
- Metz (Alsace-Lorraine) occupied
by French forces.
BELGIUM
18th - Brussels
reoccupied by Belgian forces (see 21st,
and August 20th, 1914).
19th - Antwerp
reoccupied by Belgian forces (see October
10th, 1914).
21st
- Namur occupied by British forces (see
August 25th, 1914).
LUXEMBOURG
20th
- Luxembourg frontier crossed by United
States forces (see August 2nd, 1914).
GERMANY
24th - British and
United States troops reach German frontier
(see December 1st).
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RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR
18th -
Counter-revolutionary coup
d'etat at
Omsk. Russian Admiral Kolchak proclaimed
"Dictator of all Russia."
20th
- General Marushevski
appointed Governor-General and
Commander-in-Chief of Russian forces in
North Russia (Archangel) (see June 30th).
UKRAINE
23rd
- Lemberg
captured by Polish forces (see 1st)
.ITALIAN
FRONT
18th - Italian troops
reinforce naval detachment in Fiume (see
5th and 17th).
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|
GERMAN NAVY
20th - First contingent of German
submarines surrender to the British Navy
at Harwich (see 15th).
21st - German High Seas Fleet arrives at Rosyth,
en route for internment in Scapa Flow (see
15th and 20th).
TURKEY
21st - French troops land in
Constantinople (see 13th).
|
|
MONDAY 25th NOVEMBER
|
|
GERMANY
28th
- Kaiser Wilhelm II signs abdication (see
9th and 10th).
RUMANIA
28th
- The General Congress of The Bukovina
decide in favour
of complete union with Rumania (see
December 7th).
30th
- Rumanian Government re-established at
Bucharest (see December 1st, 1916).
SERBIA
29th
- Montenegrin National Assembly (Skupshtina)
meet at Podgoritsa
and vote for union with Serbia (see 23rd).
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FRANCE
25th - Strasbourg
(Alsace-Lorraine) occupied by French
forces.
BELGIUM
26th
- Last German troops recross
Belgian frontier (see August 4th, 1914).
GERMANY
26th
- French troops cross German frontier.
|
ESTONIA
28th
- Narva
(Estonia) captured by Bolshevik forces
(see March 4th).
ITALIAN FRONT
26th - United States
force enters Fiume (see 17th).
|
EAST AFRICA
25th - German forces in East Africa
surrender to Allied forces at Abercorn,
Rhodesia (see 13th and 14th).
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BLACK SEA
26th - Allied fleet arrives at Sevastopol
and takes over remainder of the Russian
Black Sea Fleet from the Germans (see
13th, and May 1st).
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DECEMBER
1918
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